I know, taxes are boring. But let's face it: for many property management businesses – both big and small – our tax bill represents one of our most significant expenses. The smartest executives I know don't make their decisions solely based on taxes. But they do take into consideration the tax effect of any significant investment or expenditure before making them.
好消息是,只要他们提前计划并与有能力的顾问一起计划,就有很多方法可以节省税收。如果您的企业拥有商业财产,那么我就有更好的新闻:您希望在今年年底之前进行一些巨大的税收动作。
税务策略#1:利用第179节
这re is potentially a big deduction for you if you decide to replace or do major repairs to your roof. That's becauseunder Section 179在税法中,许多小企业被允许加速折旧,年度费用高达100万美元,这些费用可以包括以前需要资本化和贬值的某些费用。
这笔扣除多年来一直很受小企业主的欢迎,2017年税收改革法案变得更好。这是因为它扩展了第179条财产的定义,包括对其建筑物的某些改进,以前不适用,例如成本包括改善建筑物的内部和偶数 - 在许多情况下 - 修理或更换您的建筑物的屋顶。包括防水和重新屋顶。
Here's a secret: you can take advantage of today's low-interest rates or federally backed loans from the Small Business Administration to finance these capital improvements and not only get a deduction for the interest cost but also the full Section 179 deduction as long as you finish the work and it's in service before the end of the year. In this example you're getting all these tax benefits without spending any cash.
如果您超过第179节扣除的限制,或者如果您对资格太大,那么您仍然会以费用为支出您的屋顶更换/维修费用......但他们必须散布多达39年。
税务策略#2:可以立即支付一些屋顶维修
内部收入服务(IRS)将允许您全面扣除与您营业所需的财产相关的任何“普通和必要”的成本。对于我们许多人来说,这被认为是维修和维护。但它必须是常规的。这IRS defines例行维护作为“在正常和高效的操作条件下保持您的财产”。这些成本通常包括绘制商业建筑的外部或室内设计,修复破碎的窗玻璃,更换破旧的次要零件,密封裂缝和泄漏,以及更换油或其他流体以维护商业设备。它们还可以在屋顶上定期维护。重要的是,您的财产始终展示最新,并且对游客和员工安全。
关于充分利用此直接扣除的关键要做是具有书面维修和维护费用政策,并始终如一地遵循。该政策将定义被认为是维修和维护费用,而不是资本支出。资本支出是一个长期改进,当您招致基本上使资产更好的成本时会发生更好的改进,如固定缺陷,扩大使用,或提高其质量。固定屋顶被认为是资本支出 - 您可以扣除它,但它将在折旧时期一段时间。作为一个例子,修理以解决屋顶泄漏以保持房产以良好的工作状态可供使用。
However, there are some special "safe harbor" rules for small businesses (generally defined as companies with assets less than $10 million) where deductions of up to $5,000 for repairs expense can be automatically realized. According to the IRS "the de minimis safe harbor election eliminates the burden of determining whether every small-dollar expenditure for the acquisition or production of property is properly deductible or capitalizable. If you elect to use the de minimis safe harbor, you don't have to capitalize the cost of qualifying de minimis acquisitions or improvements." This essentially means you're free to write-off expenditures under $5,000 as a repairs and maintenance expense.
税务策略#3:利用历史税收抵免
如果您的建筑是经过认证的历史结构(它应在国家登记处或国家注册或州或当地历史地区的贡献建筑物上市,那么您可以获得巨额税收抵免从联邦政府(可能是您的州)来恢复它。税收抵免是20%并记住,这是一个信用,而不是扣除。它更有价值,因为您赚取的金额抵消了税收票据。2017年对这一激励进行了一些变化,所以阅读the rulescarefully. Among the biggest is that there's no longer a credit for buildings constructed before 1936 and you now have to take the credit over a five period instead of the first year. Still, it's a big incentive if your building qualifies.
税务策略#4:在您可以时获得能源成本扣除
时钟滴答作响在这个,但它仍然可以在今年年底使用。什么是可用的?如果您拥有商业建筑并安装一个系统,并且安装了与Ashrae标准90.1-2007(或放置的建筑物或系统的90.1-2001)(或90.1-2001)安装了至少50%的加热和冷却能量的系统,这是每平方英尺最高1.80美元的扣除。在2018年1月1日之前的服务中)。知道了?显然,这是一种需要参与工程或建筑公司的事情。此外,仍然有一个部分扣除(高达0.60美元的每平方英尺),可用于节能改进,您可以为您的照明,加热或冷却系统提供。如果您的建筑物在2020年12月31日之前将您的建筑物投入使用,您可以利用此扣除。
You're right: taxes are very boring. But they can also be very expensive. The smartest property managers people I meet take the time necessary to minimize this significant cost. If you own a commercial building you should be doing the same by making sure you're taking full advantage of at least some of the above tax incentives available.